BIOLUMINESCENCE
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TUMOR DIAGNOSIS
P53 ACTIVATION
TRACKING METASTASIS

MIR has been licensed by the Xenogen Corporation to perform bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging for our clients, even if they do not have a license. MIR utilizes Xenogen's a state-of-the-art IVIS® imaging system to capture publication quality bioluminescence or fluorescence images of disease states and drug induced changes in physiology.

The Xenogen IVIS® system is ideally suited for biophotonic imaging, particularly bioluminescence (biolume) imaging.  This system can image 3 animals at a time with an average scan time of one minute for all 3 animals.  This high throughput imaging is ideal for tracking the spread of metastasis and tracking orthotopic syngeneic tumors and orthotopic human tumor xenografts in vivo.  This technology is also an ideal instrument for the correlation of drug induced target modulation through the use of genetically altered syngeneic and xenograft cell lines.  MIR Preclinical Services is a contract research organization (CRO) licensed by Xenogen to offer this imaging as a service to clients.

The IVIS® Imaging System is physically calibrated and measures absolute light emitted from an animal or sample. This allows MIR to make meaningful comparisons between different mice or experiments conducted at different times. This system also has Xenogens XFO-12 Fluorescence Option which provides the option of fluorescent imaging in addition to bioluminescent imaging for both in vivo and in vitro applications. MIR can readily image fluorescence from eGFP, FITC, Ds Red, Cell Tracker® orange, Cy5.5, Alexa fluor® 660 and 680 and indocyanine Green as well as other similar dyes and fluorescent proteins.

   

Cells or animals can be genetically altered to express fluorescent proteins or enzymes capable of cleaving a luminescent substrate (luciferase). These genes can be constitutively expressed to indicate tumor burden or conditionally expressed and used as a reporter for a specific gene or function of interest. MIR has developed a number of assay systems for non-invasive assessment of drug function.

Applications

  • Tumor Diagnosis

  • Physiologic changes

  • Apoptosis

  • P53 Activation

  • Gene Expression

  • Tracking of Metasasis

Example images of xenograft cell lines that either constitutively express Luciferase or express Luciferase when a certain mechanism within the cell becomes active (reporter).  Injecting the animals with luciferin cause the emission of light in luciferase expressing cell lines.  Transgenic animals that utilize this technology are also available.
P53 ACTIVATION
Biphotonic/bioluminescene reporter for p53 activation

P53 is expressed ubiquitously but is sequestered and degraded under normal conditions.

DNA damage causes P53 accumulation (approx. 100-fold).

P53 transcription factor activity is induced, activating the MDM2 promoter and luciferase expression.

       
  TRACKING METASTASIS    
       
 
The recent technological advancements in biophotonic/bioluminescence imaging have allowed a concurrent increase in the use of preclinical models of metastasis, models that had traditionally been associated with tedious, expensive and highly variable serial sacrifice methods for efficacy determination.  MIR has taken advantage of new imaging innovations by validating reproducibility and treatment response in mouse models of metastasis.  Luciferase-expressing cell lines are utilized to determine appearance and site of metastases in bone and lung.  These models rely on intracardiac, intravenous, or intrasplenic injection of tumor cells.  MIR is currently validating breast, glioma, lung, melanoma, pancreas, prostate and ovarian orthotopic models of metastasis, enabling testing of early stage, metastasis prevention therapies.

 

Tracking in vivo metastatic tumor models can be of great importance in anti-metastatic drug studies. Bioluminescent and fluorescent (biophotonic) imaging is a rapid way of determining where cells migrate and and relative tumor burden at those sites*. Since Biophotonic imaging is non-invasive, the same cohort of animals can be studied over time. This reduces problems associated with variability in metastatic spread and growth rates. Biophotonic imaging can also be performed concurently with other imaging modalities such as CT and MRI which have greater resolution, are clinically relevant and can measure other pharmacodynamic parameters.

 

   
 
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updated: 12/27/07